國標已經規定電熱水器必須安裝漏電保護裝置。國內品牌大部分采用的是防電墻技術,合資品牌主要采用三極斷開技術。
防電墻技術的工作原理是:通過增加電阻,減低漏電的電壓(12V),從而不會發生安全事故;
三極斷開技術采用敏感電子元件,一旦發生意外漏電,迅速(0.1秒)切斷地線、火線和零線,從而起到保護的效果;
出(chu)(chu)水斷電(dian)(dian)技術(shu)是在出(chu)(chu)水時,自動切斷電(dian)(dian)源。原理是在進水口加一個感應(ying)水流(liu)的(de)裝置,可以是流(liu)量開關、干簧管(guan)、旋流(liu)磁片等,當(dang)檢測(ce)到(dao)有水流(liu)動時,感應(ying)裝置給出(chu)(chu)信號,控制器(qi)自動切斷電(dian)(dian)源,保證無電(dian)(dian)使用(yong)狀(zhuang)態。
電(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)水器(qi)在(zai)加熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)過程會(hui)(hui)形成水垢,一旦(dan)水垢依(yi)附在(zai)發熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)管上或者內膽(dan)(dan)(dan)上對(dui)電(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)水器(qi)的性能都會(hui)(hui)大(da)打折扣。如果依(yi)附在(zai)發熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)管上,加熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)效率降(jiang)低,甚(shen)至(zhi)出現爆管;依(yi)附在(zai)內膽(dan)(dan)(dan)上,由于內膽(dan)(dan)(dan)受熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)不均,也會(hui)(hui)導致(zhi)內膽(dan)(dan)(dan)破(po)裂。鎂(mei)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)可以防止結水垢保(bao)護內膽(dan)(dan)(dan)、發熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)管。鎂(mei)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)在(zai)溶(rong)解(jie)水垢時形成鎂(mei)鹽,從而(er)損耗(hao)鎂(mei)棒(bang)(bang)(bang),一般(ban)而(er)言(yan)最長(chang)每隔(ge)2年就要更換鎂(mei)棒(bang)(bang)(bang),不然(ran)一旦(dan)鎂(mei)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)消耗(hao)完,電(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)就會(hui)(hui)形成很多水垢影響(xiang)機子(zi)的使用(yong)壽命,并且不安(an)全。
是(shi)的(de),接(jie)地(di)(di)安全是(shi)電熱(re)水器安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)基本條件(jian),家中(zhong)電路(lu)接(jie)地(di)(di)(地(di)(di)線(xian)(xian))沒有安全保證(zheng)時不要選擇電熱(re)水器。購買后(hou)請嚴格按照(zhao)使用說明書中(zhong)的(de)要求進行安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)和使用,安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)時候,電熱(re)水器的(de)接(jie)地(di)(di)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置很(hen)重要,如果沒有接(jie)地(di)(di)線(xian)(xian),電熱(re)水器容(rong)易(yi)漏電,電源插頭上(shang)的(de)“漏電保護”裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置也會形同虛設(she),所以安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)前一定要檢(jian)查插座是(shi)否有接(jie)地(di)(di)線(xian)(xian)。
一(yi)般40L的(de)(de)電熱(re)水(shui)(shui)器在(zai)1500W功(gong)率(lv)(lv)加(jia)熱(re)到(dao)最高溫度,時間(jian)大約(yue)在(zai)50~60分鐘。2000W功(gong)率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)情況下一(yi)般需要35~45分鐘。速(su)熱(re)電熱(re)水(shui)(shui)器20L在(zai)4000W功(gong)率(lv)(lv)下加(jia)熱(re)時間(jian)約(yue)為16分鐘,根據(ju)加(jia)熱(re)時間(jian)也可以判斷電熱(re)水(shui)(shui)器的(de)(de)性能功(gong)率(lv)(lv)是(shi)否(fou)正常。
安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)起(qi)單(dan)向(xiang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)和超壓(ya)(ya)(ya)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)保護的作用。在(zai)自(zi)來水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力突然增(zeng)高或加熱過(guo)熱而造成內(nei)(nei)膽承壓(ya)(ya)(ya)過(guo)大時(shi),安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)就會自(zi)動(dong)滴(di)(di)漏(lou)泄壓(ya)(ya)(ya),不至于(yu)因壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力過(guo)高而損壞(huai)內(nei)(nei)膽。所以說在(zai)加熱過(guo)程中,安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)緩慢滴(di)(di)水(shui)(shui)(shui)是正常正象,并(bing)不是熱水(shui)(shui)(shui)器(qi)質量(liang)問題。這(zhe)也提醒用戶使用熱水(shui)(shui)(shui)器(qi)時(shi),進(jin)(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力不能(neng)太高,以免(mian)(mian)造成安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)滴(di)(di)水(shui)(shui)(shui)嚴重。處(chu)理方(fang)法:關閉進(jin)(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)閥(fa)(fa)(fa),把(ba)混水(shui)(shui)(shui)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)旋鈕調到高溫(wen)處(chu)打開(kai)即可避(bi)免(mian)(mian)單(dan)向(xiang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)的漏(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)現象,使水(shui)(shui)(shui)從花灑(sa)中滴(di)(di)出;如果未安(an)(an)(an)(an)裝混水(shui)(shui)(shui)閥(fa)(fa)(fa),可把(ba)出熱水(shui)(shui)(shui)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)打開(kai)一點,進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)泄壓(ya)(ya)(ya),這(zhe)樣也可避(bi)免(mian)(mian)單(dan)向(xiang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)的漏(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)現象。最后如無法控制安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)滴(di)(di)水(shui)(shui)(shui)現象,建議在(zai)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)前加裝一個(ge)減壓(ya)(ya)(ya)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)。
電熱水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)器(qi)內膽總是裝滿水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)并有(you)一(yi)定壓力。當通(tong)電加(jia)熱到設定的(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)時,溫(wen)(wen)(wen)控(kong)器(qi)切斷供(gong)應加(jia)熱管的(de)(de)電源(yuan)。當熱水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)流出后,冷(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)進入(ru)內膽,溫(wen)(wen)(wen)控(kong)器(qi)的(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)傳感器(qi)被冷(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)冷(leng)卻,溫(wen)(wen)(wen)控(kong)器(qi)接通(tong)加(jia)熱管的(de)(de)電源(yuan),加(jia)熱管工(gong)作(zuo)。冷(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)被加(jia)熱直至達(da)到設定溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)。內膽里(li)的(de)(de)所有(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)保持這一(yi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du),直到熱水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)被放出。
(1)一般在使用一段時間后發熱管絕緣性能會出現下降現象,測量時絕緣電阻值不穩定,當漏電電流超過一定數值時,漏電保護器插頭就會立即智能處理:檢
查排除原因,必要時更換發熱管。
(2)當漏電保護插頭與插座接觸不良時,產生的電火花致使溫度過高,使溫敏器開關產生錯誤智能處理:更換插座。
(3)當漏電保護插頭與超溫保護器出現故障時:檢查更換超溫保護器或漏電保護插頭。
(4)當任何帶電元器件與機殼之間產生漏電時,都會產生熱水器正常加熱工作狀態下突然跳閘:檢查漏電原因排除更換元器件。
主要原因是(shi):電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源插(cha)(cha)座無電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或接觸不良;溫控(kong)器失(shi)靈(ling)或發(fa)熱管(guan)及其他部位(wei)(wei)有漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian);處理(li)方(fang)法(fa)(fa):先(xian)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)筆檢(jian)(jian)查電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源插(cha)(cha)座是(shi)否有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)以及漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)插(cha)(cha)頭(tou)與插(cha)(cha)座的(de)接觸是(shi)否良好,再(zai)按下漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)插(cha)(cha)頭(tou)的(de)復(fu)位(wei)(wei)按鈕,即可恢復(fu)正常。如不能復(fu)位(wei)(wei)的(de),肯定有漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)現象,用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)筆檢(jian)(jian)查是(shi)否漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),如漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)筆查明漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)部位(wei)(wei),設法(fa)(fa)消除漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian);可檢(jian)(jian)查溫控(kong)器是(shi)否失(shi)靈(ling),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱管(guan)是(shi)否損(sun)壞。
接(jie)地(di)異常(chang)是指(zhi)用戶電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)插(cha)座中電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)相位存在(zai)著嚴重問題,如缺地(di)線、零(ling)火線調反、地(di)線帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)等可能(neng)性。雖然電(dian)(dian)(dian)熱水器能(neng)正常(chang)加熱使(shi)用,但實際中存在(zai)嚴重的安(an)全危害。要求用戶安(an)排專業電(dian)(dian)(dian)工對自身的用電(dian)(dian)(dian)情(qing)況進(jin)行(xing)檢查和維(wei)修,以排除用電(dian)(dian)(dian)危害。
發熱管插頭與電源線(xian)連(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)部位接(jie)觸不(bu)良或(huo)斷線(xian):檢(jian)查發熱管是否已壞,檢(jian)查電源連(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)線(xian)是否良好:更(geng)換發熱管、或(huo)更(geng)換連(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)線(xian)。
溫(wen)控(kong)器(qi)(qi)連接部(bu)位接觸不良或斷(duan)(duan)線(xian)、指示(shi)(shi)燈(deng)已壞(huai):檢查溫(wen)控(kong)器(qi)(qi)及(ji)指示(shi)(shi)燈(deng)排除更換元件(jian)。溫(wen)控(kong)器(qi)(qi)燒(shao)斷(duan)(duan):更換溫(wen)控(kong)器(qi)(qi).